anatomy and physiology MCQ 5

1. Which of the following are functions of epithelial tissue?
Absorption
Protection
Secretion
All of the above

ans;d

2. Which of the following statements is true?
Squamous epithelial cells are cube shaped
Stratified epithelium consists of a single layer of cells
Stratified cuboidal epithelial will have multiple layers of cells
Simple columnar epithelium consists of flat and scale like cells

ans;c

3. Which of the following statements are false?
Endocrine glands secrete their products internally
Multicellular exocrine glands consist of a single cell type
Goblet cells are unicellular exocrine glands
Tubular exocrine glands are found in the digestive system

ans;c

4. Which is the most abundant tissue in the human body?
Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

ans;b

5.Within connective tissue what is the function of the extracellular matrix?
To ensure connective tissue can bear weight and withstand tension
Filter blood and remove waste products
Transmit impulses through connective tissue
Analyse levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

ans;a

6.Which of the following is not a type of loose connective tissue
Areolar
Reticular
Adipose
Irregular

ans;c

7.Which of the following membranes is also referred to as the serosa?
Mucous
Serous
Dense
Synovial

ans;b

8.Which of the following statements on muscle tissue is true?
Smooth muscle is striated
Skeletal muscle is voluntary
Cardiac muscle is non-striated
Smooth muscle is in-voluntary

ans;d

9.Which tissue type has the greatest capacity to regenerate?
Muscle
Epithelial
Nervous
Connective

ans;b

10.Scar tissue formation is also known as….
Fibrosis
Granulation
Mitosis
Necrosis

ans;a

11. The eccrine glands secrete:
Sebum
Sweat
Melanine
Hormones

ans;b

12. The correct term for containing sample of skin for histological examination is called a:
Surgical shave
Biposy
Aspiration
Injection

ans;b

13.Which of the following term refs to a fungal infection of the foot (athlete's foot):
Impetigo
Acne
Tinea pedis
Scabies

ans;c
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14. What does the Rule of Nines refer to:
A chart used to assess the total body surface area burned
An allergy test
A tool used to assess a person's eye sight
A test used to work out a person's nutritional status

ans;a

15. Eschar refers to:
Loss of skin elasticity
A dry scab or slough formed on the skin as a result of a burn
An area of red skin
Excessive sweating

ans;b

16. Ultra Violet rays can:
Help to diagnose skin cancer
Do no harm to the skin
Will cause no pain
Can penetrate and change skin cells

ans;d

17. The majority of melanomas are caused by:
Exposure to ultra violet light
A poor diet
Excess fatty tissues
Lack of vitamin D

ans;a

18. What is the Waterlow score:
A risk assessment tool
A tool used to calculate the patient's hydration status
A scoring system used after treatment for acne
A tool used in determining how thick the skin of patient is

ans;a

19. What does the term diaphoresis mean?
Excessive production of sebum
Excessive production of sweat
Excessive skin shedding
Excessive production of tears

ans;b

20. Which division of the nervous system includes the brain:
The autonomic nervous system
The peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system
The somatic nervous system

ans;c

21. Which structure detects changes in temperature?
Pons
Thermoreceptors
Medulla
Pituitary gland

ans;b

22. Which division of the nervous system initiates a response known as fight or flight?
The sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The somatic nervous system
None of the above

ans;a

23. Which part of the neurone receives information?
The Node of Ranvier
The myelin sheath
The axon
The dendrite

ans;d

24. The action potential relies upon the movement of which of these ions into and out of the cell?
Calcium and magnesium
Iron and iodine
Sodium and potassium
Sodium and magnesium

ans;c

25. Which of these is an example of a neurotransmitter?
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
All of the above

ans;d

26. How many ventricles does the brain have?
2
3
4
5

asn;c

27. Which area of the brain is responsible for the awareness of sensation?
The cerebellum
The sensory area of the cerebrum
The primary motor region of the cerebrum
The thalamus

ans;b

28. Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement?
Occulomotor
Vagus
Trigeminal
Olfactory

ans;a

29. How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
28 pairs
29 pairs
30 pairs
31 pairs


ans;d

30. What substance does aldosterone directly regulate the concentration of?
Potassium
Phosphorous
Sodium
Calcium

ans;c

31. What hormone does the pancreatic alpha cell secrete?
Insulin
Somatostatin
Glucagon
Somatotropin

ans;c

32. What stimulates the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland?
Increased blood levels of sodium
Decreased blood levels of sodium
Increased blood levels of glucose
Decreased blood levels of glucose

ans;a

33. In the adult which cells does thyroid hormone not affect?
Pancreas
Stomach
Brain
Heart

ans;c

34. Which one of the following is one of the major targets of parathyroid hormone?
Intestines
Brain
Heart
Liver

ans;a

35.The target organ of TRH is:
The thyroid gland
The pituitary gland
The adrenal gland
The pancreas

ans;b

36.In females the effect of follicle stimulating hormone is:
The final maturation of the ovarian follicles and the release of oestrogen
The early maturation of the ovarian follicles and the release of oestrogen
The final maturation of the ovarian follicles and the release of progesterone
The early maturation of the ovarian follicles and the release of progesterone

ans;b

37. Thyroid hormone:
Increases basal metabolic rate
Decreases basal metabolic rate
Has no effect on basal metabolic rate
Has an unknown effect on basal metabolic rate

ans;a

38. Gluconeogenesis is:
The creation of glycogen
The destruction of glycogen
The destruction of glucose
The creation of glucose

ans;d

39. Somatostatin released by the pancreas acts in what way when it affects the other cells of the pancreas?
In an endocrine fashion
In an exocrine fashion
In an autocrine fashion
In a paracrine fashion

ans;d

40. The bone that protects the brain is called the:
Sternum
Cranium
Clavicle
Pelvis

ans;b

41. The key purpose of the ribcage is to:
Protect the urinary bladder
Help with the movement of the intestines
Protect the heart and lungs
Allow the stomach to dilate and contract

ans;c

42. What helps to make bone so strong:
Calcium and phosphorous
Vitamin D
The osteoclasts
Their shape

ans;a

43. The anatomical name for the thigh bone is:
Sternum
Femur
Clavicle
Pelvis

ans;b

44. How many thoracic vertebrae are the in the human body:
6
8
16
12

ans;d

45. Bone is also known as:
Oestrogen
Cartilage
Osseous tissue
Sinew

ans;c

46. The correct term for the end of a bone is:
The terminal ileum
The diaphysis
The epiphysis
The xiphoid

ans;c

47. Most bones in the human body are found in the:
Feet
Cranium
Face
Hands

ans;d

48.Osteoporosis is:
Bone infection
Bone cancer
Bone disease that can lead to increased risk of fractures
Bony outgrowths

ans;c

49. A muscle fibre relaxes when
all the ATP is used up
the actin binding sites are saturated
the nerve stimulus is too forceful
the nerve stimulus is removed

ans;d

50.Rigor mortis occurs in a dead human because
ATP, which is necessary for the detachment of cross bridges, is not being formed
ATP, which is necessary for the formation of cross bridges, is not being formed
Deterioration of muscle proteins prevents detachment of cross bridges
ATP, which is necessary for the formation of cross bridges, continues to be formed for several hours after death

ans;a

anatomy and physiology MCQ 4

1. A structure composed of two or more tissues is termed: 
     a. organ 
     b. serous membrane 
     c. complex tissue 
     d. organ system 
  ANS;a

  2. The visceral pleura: 
     a. is the membrane lining surface of the lungs 
     b. is the membrane lining the wall of the thoracic cavity 
     c. is the fluid around the lungs 
     d. is the thinnest portion of the peritoneum 
ANS;a
  
  3. The anatomical position is characterized by all of the following except: 
     a. palms facing posterior 
     b. thumbs pointing laterally 
     c. face pointing anteriorly 
     d. body standing upright 
ANS;a
  
  4. Which of the following lies fully ipsilateral to the left iliac region: 
     a. epigastric region 
     b. left hypochondiac region 
     c. right inguinal region 
     d. hypogastric region 
ANS;b
  
  5. The "basic unit of life" is: 
     a. the atom 
     b. water 
     c. the cell 
     d. the chemical level of organization 
ANS;c
  
  6. A homeostatic imbalance: 
     a. must be restored by negative feedback mechanisms 
     b. is considered the cause of most diseases 
     c. is when the internal conditions of the body become more stable 
     d. only occur when positive feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed 
ANS;b
  
  7. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of life: 
     a. growth 
     b. responsiveness 
     c. reproduction 
     d. organ systems 
ANS;d
  
  8. The sum of all chemical reactions in the body is termed: 
     a. homeostasis 
     b. physiology 
     c. dynamic feedback 
     d. metabolism 
ANS;d
  
  9. A vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left is termed: 
     a. sagittal 
     b. lateral 
     c. transverse 
     d. frontal 
ANS;a
  
  10. Which of the following is an example of applied physiology: 
     a. measuring the length of the femur on a fetus using ultrasound 
     b. locating an injury to a tendon in the shoulder using CT imaging 
     c. describing the process of how a toxin interferes with nerve impulse conduction 
     d. identifying the types of cells found in a biopsy sample of lung tissue 
ANS;c
  
  11. The elbow is _____ to the wrist: 
     a. distal 
     b. lateral 
     c. ventral 
     d. proximal 
ANS;d
  
  12. The heart is ____ to the lungs: 
     a. superior 
     b. dorsal 
     c. medial 
     d. lateral 
ANS;c
  
  13. What is the function of serous membranes: 
     a. to prevent fluid loss from an organ 
     b. to reduce friction between internal organs 
     c. to circulate blood around the organ 
     d. to conserve heat within the organ 
ANS;b
  
  14. Histology is the study of: 
     a. cells and membranes 
     b. skin 
     c. organs and organ systems 
     d. tissues 
ANS;d
  
  15. Which of the following involves the injection of radioisotopes into the body: 
     a. radiography 
     b. PET 
     c. CT imaging 
     d. MRI 
ANS;b

  16. A _____ fracture occurred in the hip area.

     a.gluteal
     b.lumbar
     c.costal
     d.coxal

ANS;D

  17.  A mental tumor could be one in the _____.

     a.brain
     b.thigh
     c.jaw 
     d.leg

ANS;C

18. A headache is an example of a _____ pain.

     a.celiac
     b.femoral
     c.cephalic
     d.gluteal

ANS;C

19 The factors responsible for holding the lungs to the thorax wall are ________. 
     a.the smooth muscles of the lung 
     b.the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles alone 
     c.the visceral pleurae and the changing volume of the lungs 
     d.surface tension from pleural fluid and negative pressure in the pleural cavity

Answer: D 

20.The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the _______

    a.temperature is lower at higher altitudes 
    b.basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes 
    c.concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes 
    d.concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes

Answer: D 

21. Most inspired particles such as dust fail to reach the lungs because of the ________. 
    a.ciliated mucous lining in the nose 
    b.abundant blood supply to nasal mucosa 
    c.porous structure of turbinate bones 
    d.action of the epiglottis
Answer: A 

22. Which of the following is not possible? 
    a.Gas flow equals pressure gradient over resistance. 
    b.Pressure gradient equals gas flow over resistance. 
    c.Resistance equals pressure gradient over gas flow. 
    d.The amount of gas flowing in and out of the alveoli is directly proportional to the difference in pressure or pressure gradient between the external atmosphere   

       and the alveoli.

Answer: B 


23.Select the correct statement about the physical factors influencing pulmonary ventilation. 
    a.A decrease in compliance causes an increase in ventilation. 
    b.A lung that is less elastic will require less muscle action to perform adequate ventilation. 
    c.As alveolar surface tension increases, additional muscle action will be required. 
    d.Surfactant helps increase alveolar surface tension.

Answer: C 

24. Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood: 
    a.During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs carries one molecule of O2. 
    b.During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently. 
    c.Increased BPG levels in the red blood cells enhance oxygen-carrying capacity. 
    d.A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.

Answer: D 


25. Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during 

exhalation? 
    a.pneumonia 
    b.tuberculosis 
    c.emphysema 
    d.coryza

Answer: C 

26. Which of the layers of an artery contains smooth muscles?
    a.tunica interna
    b.tunica externa
    c.tunica media
    d.all of the above

Answer;c

27.The circulatory route that runs from the digestive tract to the liver is called:
    a.hepatic portal circulation
    b.systemic circulation
    c.pulmonary circulation
    d.cornnary circulation

answer;a

28.Arteries that directly lead into capillaries are called:
    a.Arterioles
    b.Veins
    c.muscular arteries
    d.venules

answer;a

29. The hepatic portal vein transports:
blood to the brain
    a.nutrient-rich blood to the liver
    b.blood to the skin
    c.transports blood to the heart

answer;b

30.The lymph leaves the lymph node via the:
   a.afferent lymphatic vessel
   b.efferent lymphatic vessel
   c.superior vena cava
   d.aorta

answer; b

31. Which of the following stimulates erythropoiesis?
   a.decreased demand of tissue oxygen
   b.increased demand of tissue oxygen 
   c.increased red blood cell count
   d.increased white blood cell count

answer;b

32.Haemoglobin is a:
   a.Carbohydrate
   b.Antibody
   c.white blood cell
   d.protein 
answer;c

33.How many globin molecules does a polypeptide chains have?
   a.8
   b.4
   c.6
   d.12

answer;b

34. The least numerous of the white blood cells are:
   a.Basophils
   b.Neutrophils
   c.Lymphocytes
   d.monocytes

answer;a

35.Which of the following hormones regulate fluid balance?
   a.erythropoietin
   b.antidiuretic hormone
   c.rennin
   d.oestrogen

answer;b

36. Oedema may result from:
   a.lymphatic blockage
   b .hypertension
   c.drinking large amount of beer
   d.diabetes insipidus

answer; a

37. The plasma membrane of a human cell is:
   a.a membrane that contains pili on its cell surface
   b.a double layer of carbohydrate enclosing the cell
   c.a single layered cell membrane
   d.a double layer of phospholipids

answer;d

38.Plasma membrane proteins on a cell will transport:
   a.oxygen into the cell
   b.carbon dioxide into the cell
   c.molecules through the cell membrane
   d.all of the above

answer;c

39. Cells are composed of:
   a.carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
   b.hydrogen, carbon, sodium, and potassium
   c.sodium, potassium, calcium and hydrogen
   d.nitrogen, oxygen, calcium and carbon

answer;a

40. The movement of fluid between compartments is regulated by:
   a.osmotic and hydrostatic pressures
   b.ATP
   c.glomerular filtration rate
   d.parathyroid hormone

answer;a

41. Active transport system utilises:
   a.ATP
   b.hydrogen ions
   c.acid-bicarbonate buffer system
   d.phosphate buffer

answer;a

42. Hyponatraemia is:
   a.low sodium
   b.low potassium
   c.low chloride
   d.red blood cell count

answer;a

43. The fluid portion of the blood is:
   a.caffeine
   b.cytasol
   c.lymph
   d.plasma

anwswer;d

44. One purpose of lymph nodes is to:
   a.Trap macrophages
   b.Trap antigens
   c.Trap antibodies
   d.Trap hormones

answer;b

45.Cytokines are chemical messengers which:
   a.Promote inflammation
   b.Kill infecting microorganisms
   c.Produce antibodies
   d.Cause pain

answer;a

46.Phagocytosis takes place in:
   a.Red blood cells
   b.Lymphocytes
   c.Neutrophils
   d.Platelets

answer;c

47.The thymus is where T-cell lymphocytes:
   a.Recognise the body's own cells
   b.Produce antibodies
   c.Phagocytose antigens
   d.Become NK cells

answer;a

48. Examples of opsonins are:
   a.Complement factors; antigens
   b.Eosinophils; phagocytes
   c.Antibodies; antigens
   d.Complement factors; immunoglobulins

answer;d

49.Histamine causes:
   a.The death of infectious microorganisms 
   b.one of the signs and symptoms of inflammation
   c.Some of the functions of T-cell lymphocytes
   d.he bonding of T-cell lymphocytes to infectious microorganisms

answer;b

50. B-cell lymphocytes mature in the:
   a.Brain
   b.Bone marrow
   c.Thymus
   d.Blood

answer;b