Essential Principles and Drug Administration
1. The name selected by the original manufacturer based
on the chemical structure of the drug is the:
A. Chemical name
B. Drug name
C. Generic name
D. Trade name
B. Drug name
C. Generic name
D. Trade name
2. The interaction of one drug increased by the presence
of a second drug is known as:
A. Potentiation
B. Addictive effects
C. Antagonism
D. Synergism
B. Addictive effects
C. Antagonism
D. Synergism
3. When two drugs given together have an effect equal to
the sum of their respective effects, the interaction is known as:
A. Potentiated
B. Antagonized
C. Agonist
D. Additive
B. Antagonized
C. Agonist
D. Additive
4. Absorption, distribution, and excretion may be
increased by which of the following diseases?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Renal insufficiency
C. Liver disease
D. Hypothyroidism
B. Renal insufficiency
C. Liver disease
D. Hypothyroidism
5. When a drug is 50% protein bound, it means that:
A. 50% of the drug destroys protein
B. 50% of the dose is at work
C. 50% of the drug is excreted in the kidneys
D. Protein must be restricted in the diet
B. 50% of the dose is at work
C. 50% of the drug is excreted in the kidneys
D. Protein must be restricted in the diet
6. Safety of a drug is determined by the degree between:
A. Therapeutic and toxic doses
B. Potency and efficacy
C. Subtherapeutic and toxic levels
D. Side and adverse effects
B. Potency and efficacy
C. Subtherapeutic and toxic levels
D. Side and adverse effects
7. When a drug binds to a receptor to produce a
pharmacologic effect, the drug may be called a(n):
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Blocker
D. Accelerator
B. Antagonist
C. Blocker
D. Accelerator
8. The extent to which drug is absorbed and transported
to target tissue is known as:
A. Steady-state accumulation
B. Therapeutic drug levels
C. Bioavailability
D. Distribution
B. Therapeutic drug levels
C. Bioavailability
D. Distribution
9. Distribution is affected by:
A. Biotransformation
B. Excretion
C. Protein binding
D. Lipid binding
B. Excretion
C. Protein binding
D. Lipid binding
10. An unexpected effect of the drug is known as a(n):
A. Side effect
B. Adverse effect
C. Toxic reaction
D. Allergic reaction
B. Adverse effect
C. Toxic reaction
D. Allergic reaction
11. As a knowledgeable nurse, you know that the following
are part of the five rights except:
A. Right dose
B. Right route
C. Right drug
D. Right room
B. Right route
C. Right drug
D. Right room
12. When performing an assessment about medication, the
drug history should include:
A. Complete vital signs
B. Client’s goal of therapy
C. Reason for medication
D. Administration of OTC medications
B. Client’s goal of therapy
C. Reason for medication
D. Administration of OTC medications
13. The volume of SC medication must be no more than:
A. 0.5 mL
B. 1.0 mL
C. 1.5 mL
D. 3.0 mL
B. 1.0 mL
C. 1.5 mL
D. 3.0 mL
14. Which of the following muscles is a possible site for
IM injections?
A. Outer aspect of the hip
B. Shoulder
C. Vastus gluteus
D. Vastus lateralis
B. Shoulder
C. Vastus gluteus
D. Vastus lateralis
15. When deciding on what time of day to give
medications, the nurse pays closest attention to the client’s habits regarding:
A. Eating
B. Sleeping
C. Elimination
D. Activity
B. Sleeping
C. Elimination
D. Activity
16. The client’s ability to take oral medications will be
hindered by:
A. Age
B. Dental caries
C. Dysphagia
D. Lifestyle
B. Dental caries
C. Dysphagia
D. Lifestyle
17. Which of the following will determine nursing
interventions for a client on medication?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnoses
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
B. Diagnoses
C. Implementation
D. Evaluation
18. When performing an assessment to determine which
medications can be used, which of the following elements is most important?
A. Physical examination
B. Allergies
C. Presence of illness
D. Weight
B. Allergies
C. Presence of illness
D. Weight
19. Central venous access devices are beneficial in
pediatric therapy because:
A. They are difficult to see.
B. They cannot be dislodged.
C. Use of the arms is not restricted.
D. They don’t frighten children.
B. They cannot be dislodged.
C. Use of the arms is not restricted.
D. They don’t frighten children.
20. When considering the pharmacotherapeutic effects of
drugs administered to clients, the nurse considers which property of most
importance:
A. Efficacy
B. Interaction with other drugs
C. Potency
D. Toxicity
B. Interaction with other drugs
C. Potency
D. Toxicity
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Answers
and Rationale
1. Answer: C. Generic name
The chemical name is the chemical name is the chemical
structure of the compound. The trade name is a proprietary name owned by the
company that creates and registers it. The drug name does not exist.
2. Answer: A. Potentiation
Potentiation occurs when the action of one drug is
increased by the action of another. Think of two words potentiate and potential
together. The potential of one drug is higher when a second drug is added to
it.
3. Answer: D. Additive
An addictive effect occurs when two drugs are given
together and their effects is equal to the sum of their respective effects.
4. Answer: A. Hyperthyroidism
Diseases that speed up metabolism, such as
hyperthyroidism, will increase absorption, distribution, and elimination. B, C,
and D are incorrect because diseases that decrease metabolism, such as
hypothyroidism, renal insufficiency, and liver disease, will slow these
metabolic processes.
5. Answer: B. 50% of the dose is at work
The percentage of drug NOT protein bound is the amount of
drug that is free to exert its effect on the body’s issues. A, C, and D are
incorrect because protein binding has nothing to do with the destruction of
protein, drug excretion, or protein in the diet. Note that the concept of “50%
bound” literally means that 50% is BOUND or connected to protein. This means
that the remaining 50% is available.
6. Answer: A. Therapeutic and toxic doses
Safety is determined by the degree between therapeutic
and toxic doses. Potency and efficacy are not related to safety. Subtherapeutic
levels are not part of safety determinations because if a drug is
subtherapeutic it does not exert any desired effect. Side effects are expected,
and adverse effects are often the result of toxicity.
7. Answer: A. Agonist
An agonist is the action described in the stem. B and C
are synonymous. ELiminate choice D because there is no such action described in
drug nomenclature.
8. Answer: C. Bioavailability
Bioavailability is the extent to which a drug is absorbed
and transported to target tissue. Steady-state accumulation means that the
amount of drug present is sufficient to exert its therapeutic effect.
Therapeutic drug levels are serum blood tests used to measure the amount of
circulating drug present. Distribution is the process by which drugs are
transported to tissues.
9. Answer: C. Protein binding
Distribution depends on protein binding as well as
circulation. Biotransformation is the act of metabolizing the drug. Excretion
describes the act of eliminating the drug. There is no such thing as lipid
binding.
10. Answer: B. Adverse effect
An adverse reaction is a harmful and unexpected reaction.
A side effect is expected and predictable. C and D are incorrect because a
toxic reaction is a type of adverse reaction.
11. Answer: D. Right room
Right room is not one of the five rights.The five rights
are right client, route, dose, drug, and time.
12. Answer: D. Administration of OTC medications
The nurse should determine if the client is taking any
other medications, especially OTC medications because their effects are often
minimized. Other choices are important part of assessment, but choice D is the
most accurate answer.
13. Answer: B. 1.0 mL
The maximum amount of fluid that can be injected into the
SC space is 1.0 mL.
14. Answer: D. Vastus lateralis
Possible injection sites for IM administration include
ventrogluteal, deltoid, dorsogluteal, vastus lateralis, and rectus femoris.
15. Answer: A. Eating
Eating is the most important of these because food in the
stomach must be a consideration.
16. Answer: C. Dysphagia
Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing. This would make
administration of oral medications impossible. Other choices do not impair
ingestion.
17. Answer: B. Diagnoses
The nursing diagnosis is the conclusion derived from the
assessment, and it is the component of the nursing process that drives the
interventions.
18. Answer: B. Allergies
Allergies must be determined so that the nurse does not
administer a drug that would be dangerous to the client.
19. Answer: C. Use of the arms is not restricted.
The child can move his extremities and function in a
normal fashion. This lessens stress associated with position restriction and
promotes normal activity. Fear may not be eliminated. All lines can be
dislodged. Even small catheters can be readily seen.
20. Answer: A. Efficacy
In pharmacology, efficacy is the maximum response
achievable from a drug.
